Lintel
A lintel is a structural horizontal support used to span an opening in a wall or between two vertical supports. It is frequently used over windows and doors, both of which represent vulnerable points in a building's structure. Lintels are generally used for load-bearing purposes, but they can also be decorative.
The most common materials for lintels are timber, steel and concrete.
Timber is low cost, readily available and can be easily cut to size on site. However, it is generally only suited to small openings with low loadings.
Precast concrete lintels are economical and provide robust support for structures such as masonry over door and window openings. They are able to accept a wide range of surface finishes.
Steel lintels are generally made from pre-galvanised steel which is cut and either roll-formed or pressed into the required shape. Steel has the advantage over concrete in that the lintels are usually lighter and are easier to handle on site. The lintel can be shaped so that it is not visible above the opening. Steel is also versatile and can be custom-produced according to the specific building requirement, whether arched, in a corner, forming a bay window, and so on.
In order to specify the type of lintel required, the nature of the load to be supported must be calculated. This includes both dead and imposed loads. Dead loads refer to the static mass of the building components such as floor coverings, roof tiles, masonry, and so on, whereas, imposed loads refer to the weight of furniture, fittings, people and so on.
Lintels must have adequate support at each end, and typically, the length of lintel for a masonry wall is calculated by measuring the total width of the structural opening, and adding 150 mm for end-bearings at each end. If lintels or end-bearings are inadequate specified, they can cause cracking in decorations, or in the structure itself, and ultimately can cause structural failure and collapse.
Lintels are also important in terms of their role in reducing heat loss from a building and the occurrence of damp and condensation. Lintels must be designed and constructed carefully to avoid thermal bridging (a direct connection between the inside and outside through elements that are more thermally conductive than the rest of the building envelope). This may include the creation of a cavity within the wall above the lintel, and the insertion of insulation.
Lintels may also need to incorporate a cavity tray or damp proof membrane to direct water within the wall or cavity to the outside through weep holes. Stop ends at either end of lintels prevent water flowing off the end of the lintel back into the cavity where it may dampen the inside wall.
[edit] Related articles on Designing Buildings
- Architrave.
- Barrel vault.
- Braced frame.
- Cavity tray.
- Concept structural design of buildings.
- Concrete-steel composite structures.
- Concrete vs. steel.
- Damp proof membrane.
- Jamb.
- Long span roof.
- Mullion.
- Reinforced concrete.
- Spandrel.
- Specifying steel lintels.
- Structural engineer.
- Structural steelwork.
- Stud.
- Thermal bridging and the Future Homes Standard.
- Transom.
- Types of brick arches.
- Weep hole.
- Window.
- Window frame.
- Window sill.
Featured articles and news
ECA progress on Welsh Recharging Electrical Skills Charter
Working hard to make progress on the ‘asks’ of the Recharging Electrical Skills Charter at the Senedd in Wales.
A brief history from 1890s to 2020s.
CIOB and CORBON combine forces
To elevate professional standards in Nigeria’s construction industry.
Amendment to the GB Energy Bill welcomed by ECA
Move prevents nationally-owned energy company from investing in solar panels produced by modern slavery.
Gregor Harvie argues that AI is state-sanctioned theft of IP.
Heat pumps, vehicle chargers and heating appliances must be sold with smart functionality.
Experimental AI housing target help for councils
Experimental AI could help councils meet housing targets by digitising records.
New-style degrees set for reformed ARB accreditation
Following the ARB Tomorrow's Architects competency outcomes for Architects.
BSRIA Occupant Wellbeing survey BOW
Occupant satisfaction and wellbeing tool inc. physical environment, indoor facilities, functionality and accessibility.
Preserving, waterproofing and decorating buildings.
Many resources for visitors aswell as new features for members.
Using technology to empower communities
The Community data platform; capturing the DNA of a place and fostering participation, for better design.
Heat pump and wind turbine sound calculations for PDRs
MCS publish updated sound calculation standards for permitted development installations.
Homes England creates largest housing-led site in the North
Successful, 34 hectare land acquisition with the residential allocation now completed.
Scottish apprenticeship training proposals
General support although better accountability and transparency is sought.
The history of building regulations
A story of belated action in response to crisis.
Moisture, fire safety and emerging trends in living walls
How wet is your wall?
Current policy explained and newly published consultation by the UK and Welsh Governments.
British architecture 1919–39. Book review.
Conservation of listed prefabs in Moseley.
Energy industry calls for urgent reform.