Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is a branch of chemistry concerned with electric currents in relation to chemical reactions. Certain spontaneous chemical reactions can generate useful electric currents, whilst other chemical reactions can be forced to proceed by an electric current. Electrochemistry is the basic science behind standard batteries which are also called electrochemical cells.
Electrochemistry is also the basis of many everyday household chemical products. Bleach is made from chlorine and caustic soda, which are the products of brine electrolysis and can be made directly with an electrochemical cell. Chlorine is used to treat pools as well as drinking water, and is also an ingredient in PVC. Many cleaning agents, detergents, soaps and even paper are made or treated with the caustic soda, which is a product of brine-electrolysis.
Electrochemistry is also used to make aluminium, as it is the only economically practical way to produce the metal from its ore. Other common metals such as copper, zinc, silver and lead, are refined or purified by electrochemical processes. Many of these metals may need protection from unwanted corrosion, and this can be achieved by applying a corrosion resistant metal coating or in the case of anodising an integrated substrate. In most cases this is carried out by a process called electroplating, such as with chrome, gold or silver plating, Electroforming is where whole items are created by an electrodeposition process.
Rust in metals is the result an anodic reaction which itself is the mechanism of electrochemical corrosion, where the metal forming the anode dissolves in the electrolyte in the form of positively charged ions. There can be around 6 different types of electrochemical reactions that occur when metals become corroded, so electrochemistry is related to both the problem and the solution.
[edit] Related articles on Designing Buildings
- Brass.
- Brittle fracture.
- Corrosion coupons.
- Corrosion inhibitor.
- Corrosion resistance.
- Corrosion resistant alloy CRA.
- Crevice corrosion.
- Deterioration.
- Failure of cast iron beams.
- Galvanised steel.
- Galvanic corrosion.
- Graphitisation.
- Guidance for construction quality management professionals: Structural Steelwork.
- Hydrogen embrittlement.
- Iron.
- Marine corrosion.
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion.
- Pitting.
- Rust.
- Steel.
- Stainless steel.
- Types of metal.
- Types of steel.
- Under-deposit corrosion.
Featured articles and news
RTPI leader to become new CIOB Chief Executive Officer
Dr Victoria Hills MRTPI, FICE to take over after Caroline Gumble’s departure.
Social and affordable housing, a long term plan for delivery
The “Delivering a Decade of Renewal for Social and Affordable Housing” strategy sets out future path.
A change to adoptive architecture
Effects of global weather warming on architectural detailing, material choice and human interaction.
The proposed publicly owned and backed subsidiary of Homes England, to facilitate new homes.
How big is the problem and what can we do to mitigate the effects?
Overheating guidance and tools for building designers
A number of cool guides to help with the heat.
The UK's Modern Industrial Strategy: A 10 year plan
Previous consultation criticism, current key elements and general support with some persisting reservations.
Building Safety Regulator reforms
New roles, new staff and a new fast track service pave the way for a single construction regulator.
Architectural Technologist CPDs and Communications
CIAT CPD… and how you can do it!
Cooling centres and cool spaces
Managing extreme heat in cities by directing the public to places for heat stress relief and water sources.
Winter gardens: A brief history and warm variations
Extending the season with glass in different forms and terms.
Restoring Great Yarmouth's Winter Gardens
Transforming one of the least sustainable constructions imaginable.
Construction Skills Mission Board launch sector drive
Newly formed government and industry collaboration set strategy for recruiting an additional 100,000 construction workers a year.
New Architects Code comes into effect in September 2025
ARB Architects Code of Conduct and Practice available with ongoing consultation regarding guidance.
Welsh Skills Body (Medr) launches ambitious plan
The new skills body brings together funding and regulation of tertiary education and research for the devolved nation.
Paul Gandy FCIOB announced as next CIOB President
Former Tilbury Douglas CEO takes helm.
UK Infrastructure: A 10 Year Strategy. In brief with reactions
With the National Infrastructure and Service Transformation Authority (NISTA).