Build lease transfer BLT
Contents |
[edit] Introduction
Procurement is the process of purchasing goods or services. There are many different routes by which the design, construction and operation of a built asset can be procured.
Build, lease, transfer (BLT) is a form of procurement in which a private contractor builds (and finances) a project on behalf of a public sector partner (or client) and then leases the project back to the client for a predetermined period (referred to as the lease or concession period).
The development is then occupied by the client, who pays rent to the contractor for a minimum term under a leasehold agreement. The level of the rent is generally a function of the total development costs (including land acquisition, design, construction and operating costs).
At the end of this period, the contractor transfers the ownership of the project to the client for a price that was previously agreed.
This is a type of public private partnership (PPP). PPPs are a very broad range of partnerships in which the public and private sectors collaborate for some mutual benefit. PPPs can be arranged with either central or local government.
In theory, one of the benefits of this sort of procurement route is that the contractor has to consider the full life cycle of the development when making design and construction decisions. The drawbacks include the complexity of project agreements, and the difficulty of estimating costs and risks over long periods. Private Finance Initiative (PFI) projects, a form of PPP, have come under significant criticism for not delivering value for money to public sector clients.
[edit] Operations responsibilities
In some instances, the public sector partner may include operations in its BLT arrangement. However, it is more common for the client to handle operations while the contractor takes responsibility for maintenance during the period of the lease. At the conclusion of the concessionary period, maintenance (and operations, if applicable) typically reverts to the client.
This procurement method is sometimes used for healthcare, education and transportation facilities, although it may be suitable for other types of public projects such as roads, bridges, dams, railways, tunnels, and so on, or facilities such as prisons, libraries, leisure centres and so on.
[edit] Similar models
Related forms of procurement (some of which are essentially different descriptions of the same process) include:
- Build, lease, operate, transfer (BLOT) model, in which a private contractor builds a project on leased public land and operates the facility for the duration of the lease; once the lease is completed, ownership is transferred to the public entity or client.
- Build, operate, transfer (BOT), whereby the private organisation does not own the project as an asset, they merely receive a concession to operate it for a period of time. See Build operate transfer BOT.
- Build, own, operate, transfer (BOOT), in which the private organisation undertakes a public project and is then granted the right to own, maintain and operate the project for a set period of time, during which they can draw fees from users of the asset. Once the time period has elapsed, the control of the project transfers to the public sector partner, either freely or for a fee that is stipulated in the original contract.
- Design, build, finance and operate (DBFO), which also assigns the design responsibility to the private organisation.
- Design, build, finance, transfer (DBFT), which is a project delivery method that allows a contractor with expertise in design, construction and financing to be appointed to design, construct and arrange financial resources for the works. This is similar to design build finance and operate (DBFO), other than the contractor eventually transfers ownership of the project back to the client.
[edit] Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki
Featured articles and news
Great British Energy install solar on school and NHS sites
200 schools and 200 NHS sites to get solar systems, as first project of the newly formed government initiative.
600 million for 60,000 more skilled construction workers
Announced by Treasury ahead of the Spring Statement.
The restoration of the novelist’s birthplace in Eastwood.
Life Critical Fire Safety External Wall System LCFS EWS
Breaking down what is meant by this now often used term.
PAC report on the Remediation of Dangerous Cladding
Recommendations on workforce, transparency, support, insurance, funding, fraud and mismanagement.
New towns, expanded settlements and housing delivery
Modular inquiry asks if new towns and expanded settlements are an effective means of delivering housing.
Building Engineering Business Survey Q1 2025
Survey shows growth remains flat as skill shortages and volatile pricing persist.
Construction contract awards remain buoyant
Infrastructure up but residential struggles.
Home builders call for suspension of Building Safety Levy
HBF with over 100 home builders write to the Chancellor.
CIOB Apprentice of the Year 2024/2025
CIOB names James Monk a quantity surveyor from Cambridge as the winner.
Warm Homes Plan and existing energy bill support policies
Breaking down what existing policies are and what they do.
Treasury responds to sector submission on Warm Homes
Trade associations call on Government to make good on manifesto pledge for the upgrading of 5 million homes.
A tour through Robotic Installation Systems for Elevators, Innovation Labs, MetaCore and PORT tech.
A dynamic brand built for impact stitched into BSRIA’s building fabric.
BS 9991:2024 and the recently published CLC advisory note
Fire safety in the design, management and use of residential buildings. Code of practice.