Shoring
Contents |
[edit] Introduction
Shoring is the technique of using a temporary support, usually a form of prop, to make a structure stable and safe.
Shoring is often used to provide lateral support:
- To walls undergoing repair or reinforcement.
- During excavations.
- To prevent walls bulging out.
- When an adjacent structure is to be pulled down.
- When openings in a wall are made or enlarged.
There are three basic types of shoring system that can be used separately or in combination depending on the nature of the support required.
[edit] Raking shores
Raking shores involve inclined members, or rakers, typically placed at 3-4.5 m centres, and braced at regular intervals. They tend to be inclined at between 40-75º. Typical materials that are used include timber, structural steel, and framed tubular scaffolding.
Example:
|
[edit] Dead shores
Dead shores are primarily used to carry vertical loadings from walls, roofs and floors. This is often required when an opening is being made in a wall, or a defective loadbearing wall is being rebuilt. An arrangement of beams and posts support the structural weight and transfer it to the firm ground foundation below.
Example: When opening a wall, holes are cut so as to allow 300 x 300 mm beams, known as needles, to be inserted to carry the weight. These are usually placed at 1.2-1.8 m centres, and are supported by 300 x 300 mm vertical props known as shore legs at either end on both sides of the wall, with diagonal bracing as required. Needles are made of either timber or steel. The shore legs are taken down to a solid bed and secured on a 300 x 300 mm sleeper with folding wedges. The floor and ceiling finishes are removed locally around the shore legs. The shore legs stand away from both sides of the wall, usually allowing for a minimum of 1 m working space in between. To relieve the wall of the floor and roof loads, they are independently supported using 100 x 100 mm ceiling struts at 2 m centres. All doors, windows and other openings should be well strutted and secure before any dismantling work begins on the wall. |
[edit] Flying shores
Flying shores are used as an alternative to raking shores and provide a clear working space at ground level by exerting thrust on opposite walls, often the party walls of two buildings.
If walls are at different heights, unsymmetrical flying shores can be arranged. Often this is in combination with raking shore principles, i.e. top and middle raking shores above a horizontal shore, perhaps with a bottom raking shore below, with binding to both sides as required.
Example: Flying shores consist of horizontal shores (often 250 x 250 mm) placed between wall plates and supported by a system of needles and cleats. Inclined struts are supported at the top by needle and cleats, and by a 150 x 75 mm straining sill that is fastened to the horizontal shore. Single flying shores can typically be used for spans of up to 9 m. Double flying shores, in which two horizontal shores are connected using 150 x 150 mm studs, can be used for spans of up to 12 m. |
[edit] Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki
Featured articles and news
Top 50 firms awarded 52bn of projects in the last year
New engineering data shows.
Enhancing construction site reporting efficiency
Through digitisation and the digital revolution.
Noise in the built environment
BSRIA guide TG 20/2021.
17,000 people suffer conditions as a result of exposure to excessive noise at work.
Turning down the noise: Auditory health
A pervasive risk with far-reaching consequences.
UK Construction Week, London is here !
Debuting major international pavilions and much more.
Getting the most out of heat pumps and heating
How heat pumps work and how they work best.
Plumbing and heating for successful retrofit and renovation
Low temperature underfloor systems and heat pumps.
Cost-of-living crisis and home improvement plans
Starting on the right footing and top tips for projects.
Delays on construction projects
Types, mitigation and the acceleration of works.
From Chaucer to Fawlty Towers.
Electrotechnical excellence, now open for entries.
Net zero electricity grids BSRIA guide NZG 5/2024
Outlining the changes needed to transition to net zero.
CIOB Global Student Challenge 2024
Universitas Indonesia wins for second year running.
ECA 2024 Apprentice of the Year Award
Entries open for submission until May 31.